publications

2025

1. Enacting Asymmetric Passenger Experiences Using Disparate Immersive Devices in Transit

   Laura Bajorunaite, Stephen Brewster, and Julie R. Williamson

   ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, Feb 2025

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   Immersive technologies allow us to personalize our reality while traveling; however, widespread adoption remains limited. This study investigates the challenges of adopting immersive devices in transit, particularly when passengers encounter asymmetric experiences using disparate devices. These situations arise as co-located passengers adopt devices with varying levels of immersion, environmental information, and interactive capabilities. Using an enactment methodology in a transit scenario involving disparate devices, our study (N=21) reveals that asymmetric passenger experiences create a sense of disconnection among passengers, especially with varying device immersion capabilities. When interactions require more than a basic response, for example complex verbal exchanges relying on social cues like gaze, adoption is further hindered. The incorporation of cues from reality addresses safety concerns but requires further refinement to support interactions that require complex or extended user involvement. This research advances the understanding of asymmetric passenger dynamics, contributing to the design of immersive technologies for transit settings.

2. The Spin Doctor: Leveraging Insensitivity to Passive Rotational & Translational Gain For Unbounded Motion-Based VR Experiences

   Graham Wilson, Katharina Margareta Teresa Pöhlmann, David Al Baiaty Suarez, Mark McGill, and Stephen Anthony Brewster

   Feb 2025

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2024

1. VR Headsets In-The-Wild: Qualitative Insights on Safety, Awareness, and Social Challenges from Real Train Journeys

   Laura Bajorunaite, Julie R. Williamson, and Stephen Brewster

   In Proceedings of the International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia, Dec 2024

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2. Welcome to the Jungle: Using ARTV to Balance Media Immersion and Reality Awareness for Passengers on Public Transport

   Iain Christie, Mark Mcgill, and Stephen Anthony Brewster

   In ACM International Conference on Interactive Media Experiences, Jun 2024

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3. Detecting In-Car VR Motion Sickness from Lower Face Action Units

   Gang Li, Tanaya Guha, Ogechi Onuoha, Zhanyan Qiu, Alana Grant, Zejian Feng, Zirui Zhang, Kathariana Pohlmann, and 2 more authors

   In 2024 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR), Jun 2024

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4. Exploring User Placement for VR Remote Collaboration in a Constrained Passenger Space

   Daniel Medeiros, Graham Wilson, Mauricio Sousa, Nadia Pantidi, Mark McGill, Diego Drago, and Stephen Brewster

   In 30th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, Oct 2024

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5. The Social Impact of Extended Reality Spatial Productivity in Constrained, Public and Passenger Spaces

   Daniel Medeiros, Graham Wilson, Stephen Brewster, and Mark Mcgill

   In 2024 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW), Oct 2024

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6. From Slow-Mo to Ludicrous Speed: Comfortably Manipulating the Perception of Linear In-Car VR Motion Through Vehicular Translational Gain and Attenuation

   Katharina Margareta Theresa Pöhlmann, Graham Wilson, Gang Li, Mark Mcgill, and Stephen Anthony Brewster

   In Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, May 2024

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7. Is Video Gaming a Cure for Cybersickness? Gamers Experience Less Cybersickness Than Non-Gamers in a VR Self-Motion Task

   Katharina MT Pöhlmann, Gang Li, Graham Wilson, Mark McGill, Frank Pollick, and Stephen Brewster

   IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, May 2024

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8. Acceleration Instead of Speed: Acceleration Visual Cues in VR for Reduced Motion Sickness in Linear Motion

   Zhanyan Qiu, Mark McGill, Katharina Margareta Theresa Pöhlmann, and Stephen Anthony Brewster

   In Adjunct Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, Sep 2024

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9. Augmenting Virtual Spatial UIs with Physics- and Direction-Based Visual Motion Cues to Non-Disruptively Mitigate Motion Sickness

   Zhanyan Qiu, Mark McGill, Katharina Margareta Theresa Pöhlmann, and Stephen Anthony Brewster

   In ACM Symposium on Spatial User Interaction, Oct 2024

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10. Virtual Reality for Vehicle Passengers: Using Perceptual Manipulation for Unbounded Motion-Based Experiences

    Graham Wilson, Katharina Margareta Theresa Pöhlmann, Zhanyan Qiu, Mark McGill, and Stephen Anthony Brewster

    In Adjunct Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, Sep 2024

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2023

1. Reality Anchors: Bringing Cues from Reality to Increase Acceptance of Immersive Technologies in Transit

   Laura Bajorunaite, Stephen Brewster, and Julie R. Williamson

   Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Sep 2023

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2. The Benefits of Passive Haptics and Perceptual Manipulation for Extended Reality Interactions in Constrained Passenger Spaces

   Daniel Medeiros, Graham Wilson, Mark Mcgill, and Stephen Anthony Brewster

   In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Apr 2023

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3. Can Gender and Motion Sickness Susceptibility Predict Cybersickness in Vr?

   Katharina MT Pöhlmann, Gang Li, Mark McGill, Frank Pollick, and Stephen Brewster

   In 2023 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW), Apr 2023

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4. You Spin Me Right Round, Baby, Right Round: Examining the Impact of Multi-Sensory Self-Motion Cues on Motion Sickness During a VR Reading Task

   Katharina Margareta Theresa Pöhlmann, Gang Li, Mark Mcgill, Reuben Markoff, and Stephen Anthony Brewster

   In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Apr 2023

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5. Manipulating the Orientation of Planar 2D Content in VR as an Implicit Visual Cue for Mitigating Passenger Motion Sickness

   Zhanyan Qiu, Mark Mcgill, Katharina Margareta Theresa Pöhlmann, and Stephen Anthony Brewster

   In Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, Sep 2023

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6. ‘Using VR While Travelling: Manipulating the Orientation of Planar 2D Content in VR as an Implicit Visual Cue for Mitigating Passenger Motion Sickness

   Zhanyan Qiu, Mark McGill, Katharina Margareta Theresa Pohlmann, and Stephen Anthony Brewster

   In 15th Int. ACM Conf. Automot. User Interfaces Interact. Veh. Appl.(AutomotiveUI). Ingolstadt, Germany: The Univ. of Glasgow, Sep 2023

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7. A Lack of Restraint: Comparing Virtual Reality Interaction Techniques for Constrained Transport Seating

   Graham Wilson, Mark McGill, Daniel Medeiros, and Stephen Brewster

   IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, Sep 2023

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2022

1. “Reality Anchors”: Bringing Cues from Reality into VR on Public Transport to Alleviate Safety and Comfort Concerns

   Laura Bajorunaite, Stephen Brewster, and Julie R. Williamson

   In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, Apr 2022

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2. Building Virtual and Augmented Reality Passenger Experiences

   Stephen Brewster

   In Companion of the 2022 ACM SIGCHI Symposium on Engineering Interactive Computing Systems, Jun 2022

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3. eXtended Reality and Passengers of the Future

   Stephen Brewster

   In Proceedings of the 2022 International Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces, Jun 2022

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4. Augmented, Virtual and Mixed Reality Passenger Experiences

   Mark McGill, Gang Li, Alex Ng, Laura Bajorunaite, Julie Williamson, Frank Pollick, and Stephen Brewster

   In User Experience Design in the Era of Automated Driving, Jun 2022

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5. PassengXR: A Low Cost Platform for Any-Car, Multi-User, Motion-Based Passenger XR Experiences

   Mark McGill, Graham Wilson, Daniel Medeiros, and Stephen Anthony Brewster

   In Proceedings of the 35th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, Oct 2022

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6. From Shielding to Avoidance: Passenger Augmented Reality and the Layout of Virtual Displays for Productivity in Shared Transit

   Daniel Medeiros, Mark McGill, Alexander Ng, Robert McDermid, Nadia Pantidi, Julie Williamson, and Stephen Brewster

   IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, Oct 2022

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7. The Passenger Experience of Mixed Reality Virtual Display Layouts in Airplane Environments-Participants Questionnaire

   Alexander Ng, Medeiros Daniel, Mark McGill, Julie Williamson, and Stephen Brewster

   Oct 2022

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8. Can Visual Motion Presented in a VR Headset Reduce Motion Sickness for Vehicle Passengers?

   Katharina Margareta Theresa Pöhlmann, Marc Stephan Kurt Auf Der Heyde, Gang Li, Frans Verstraten, Stephen Anthony Brewster, and Mark McGill

   In Adjunct Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, Sep 2022

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9. Towards Cross-Platform and Multi-Transport Real Time XR-Experiences

   \relax KATHARINA Pöhlmann, \relax GRAHAM Wilson, \relax MARK Mcgill, D. P. S. Medeiros, \relax GANG Li, and \relax STEPHEN Brewster

   ACM: New York, NY, USA, Sep 2022

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10. Display Rotation for Reducing Motion Sickness Caused by Using VR in Vehicles

    Zhanyan Qiu, Mark McGill, Katharina Margareta Theresa Pöhlmann, and Stephen Anthony Brewster

    In Adjunct Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, Sep 2022

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11. In-cAR Gaming: Exploring the Use of AR Headsets to Leverage Passenger Travel Environments for Mixed Reality Gameplay

    Henry Togwell, Mark McGill, Graham Wilson, Daniel Medeiros, and Stephen Anthony Brewster

    In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, Apr 2022

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2021

1. Virtual Reality in Transit: How Acceptable Is vr Use on Public Transport?

   Laura Bajorunaite, Stephen Brewster, and Julie R. Williamson

   In 2021 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW), Apr 2021

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2. AutoWork 2021: Workshop on the Future of Work and Well-Being with Automated Vehicles

   Peter Fröhlich, Clemens Schartmüller, Philipp Wintersberger, Andreas Riener, Andrew L Kun, Stephen Brewster, Orit Shaer, and Matthias Baldauf

   In 13th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, Sep 2021

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3. The Passenger Experience of Mixed Reality Virtual Display Layouts in Airplane Environments

   Alexander Ng, Daniel Medeiros, Mark McGill, Julie Williamson, and Stephen Brewster

   In 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR), Sep 2021

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4. Multimodal (and More Physical) Interaction to Improve In-Car User Experience

   Champika Ranasinghe, Stephen Brewster, Andrew Kun, Andreas Riener, and Orit Shaer

   In Dagstuhl Seminar on Human-Computer Interaction to Support Work and Wellbeing in Mobile Environments 2021, Sep 2021

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2020

1. Workshop on Virtual Reality (VR) in Automated Vehicles: Developing and Evaluating Metrics to Assess VR in the Car

   Zoe M Becerra, Nadia Fereydooni, Stephen Brewster, Andrew L. Kun, Angus McKerral, and Bruce N. Walker

   In 12th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, Sep 2020

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2. Exploring the Feasibility of Mitigating VR-HMD-induced Cybersickness Using Cathodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

   Gang Li, Francisco Macía Varela, Abdullah Habib, Qi Zhang, Mark McGill, Stephen Brewster, and Frank Pollick

   In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality (AIVR), Sep 2020

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3. A Review of Electrostimulation-Based Cybersickness Mitigations

   Gang Li, Mark McGill, Stephen Brewster, and Frank Pollick

   In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality (AIVR), Sep 2020

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4. Challenges in Passenger Use of Mixed Reality Headsets in Cars and Other Transportation

   Mark McGill, Julie Williamson, Alexander Ng, Frank Pollick, and Stephen Brewster

   Virtual Reality, Dec 2020

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   Abstract This paper examines key challenges in supporting passenger use of augmented and virtual reality headsets in transit. These headsets will allow passengers to break free from the restraints of physical displays placed in constrained environments such as cars, trains and planes. Moreover, they have the potential to allow passengers to make better use of their time by making travel more productive and enjoyable, supporting both privacy and immersion. However, there are significant barriers to headset usage by passengers in transit contexts. These barriers range from impediments that would entirely prevent safe usage and function (e.g. motion sickness) to those that might impair their adoption (e.g. social acceptability). We identify the key challenges that need to be overcome and discuss the necessary resolutions and research required to facilitate adoption and realize the potential advantages of using mixed reality headsets in transit.

5. AutoWork 2020: Second Workshop on the Future of Work and Well-Being in Automated Vehicles

   Clemens Schartmüller, Philipp Wintersberger, Andreas Riener, Andrew L. Kun, Stephen Brewster, and Orit Shaer

   In 12th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, Sep 2020

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2019

1. Exploring the Concept of the (Future) Mobile Office

   Christian P. Janssen, Andrew L. Kun, Stephen Brewster, Linda Ng Boyle, Duncan P. Brumby, and Lewis L. Chuang

   In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications: Adjunct Proceedings, Sep 2019

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2. AutoWork 2019: Workshop on the Future of Work and Well-Being in Automated Vehicles

   Andrew L. Kun, Orit Shaer, Andreas Riener, Stephen Brewster, and Clemens Schartmüller

   In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications: Adjunct Proceedings, Sep 2019

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3. Virtual Reality Passenger Experiences

   Mark McGill, and Stephen Brewster

   In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications: Adjunct Proceedings, Sep 2019

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4. MRV 2019: 3\textsuperscriptrd Workshop on Mixed Reality for Intelligent Vehicles

   Andreas Riegler, Andrew L. Kun, Stephen Brewster, Andreas Riener, Joe Gabbard, and Carolin Wienrich

   In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications: Adjunct Proceedings, Sep 2019

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2017

1. I Am The Passenger: Challenges in Supporting AR/VR HMDs In-Motion

   Mark McGill, and Stephen A. Brewster

   In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications Adjunct, Sep 2017

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2. I Am The Passenger: How Visual Motion Cues Can Influence Sickness For In-Car VR

   Mark McGill, Alexander Ng, and Stephen Brewster

   In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, May 2017

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